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Ben-Zion
(American, 1895-1987)
Ben-Zion
Weinman was the son of a Polish cantor and composer who raised him
for the rabbinate. He became “Ben-Zion” in America after
World War I because “to drag around two names is rather too
difficult.” His beginnings in America are sketched elsewhere
in this catalogue by his wife, Lillian Ben-Zion, but in 1983 he
told an interviewer from the Archives of American Art about his
discovery by the historic dealer J.B. Neumann.
“I see you coming here from time to time,” said Neumann
one Saturday afternoon. “Are you an artist, or are you buying
art?” Ben-Zion said he was neither. But Neumann repeated the
question several weeks later.
“So I said, ‘I don’t know if you can call that
art work,’ ” Ben-Zion recalled, but “I make those
small, little drawings [on a writing pad]. And that’s all
what I have.” Neumann asked how much he wanted for three of
them.
“I don’t know,” Ben-Zion replied. Neumann offered
$15. “Not too much?” the artist asked.
“No,” said Neumann, “and you’ll find out
that I’m probably cheating you.” Instead, the purchase
launched Ben-Zion’s career.
In 1935 he became a founding member, with Mark Rothko, Joseph Solman,
and Adolph Gottlieb, among others, of the famed group of American
moderns, The Ten (see “The Ten: Birth of the American Avant-garde,”
Mercury Gallery, December 1998). Critics took note at once. The
skeptical New York Sun said Ben-Zion painted “furiously”
and called him “the farthest along” of The Ten. His
The Glory of War was featured in The Ten’s 1938 show, “Whitney
Dissenters,” staged to protest the emphasis on regionalism
and social realism in the Whitney’s annual exhibits. The Glory
of War was “resounding” and “forceful,”
Art News wrote.
“Ben-Zion selects philosophical, poetic, psychological or
tragic passages from the Bible,” wrote New York Times art
critic and Rothko biographer Dore Ashton in 1952, “and endows
them with an added spiritual dimension by means of oppressive distortions
and imaginative color. In [his] canvases there is an intense and
very personal interpretive bias which captures the visual and emotional
values of themes without literary overtones.”
His “Biblical pieces,” Joseph Solman wrote in 1997,
“are the only profound works in that genre in modern art besides.
. . Chagall and the dramatic scenes of Rouault.”
When New York’s Jewish Museum opened in 1948, it was with
a Ben-Zion show. Twice more he was exhibited there, including a
large 1959 retrospective. The Phillips Collection and The Museum
of Modern Art acquired Ben-Zions. The prominent dealer Curt Valentin
exhibited Ben-Zion and published his remarkable Biblical etchings.
But when Abstract Expressionism became ascendant Ben-Zion, who viewed
all art as abstract expressionism, stopped showing at galleries.
He died in 1987, fed up with the art market, inspired as ever by
art itself.
Recent shows attest to a revival: at the National Jewish Museum
in Washington, New York’s Hebrew Union College, the Mizel
Museum in Denver, the Achim Moeller Gallery in New York, at sohomuseum.com
(an Internet “exhibition”), and at Boston’s Mercury
Gallery.
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